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The paper provides a review of the research on the impact of organizational experience on subsequent task performance. While organizational experience is generally expected to have a positive effect on subsequent performance, research over the past two decades has recognized a large number of circumstances in which the performance effects of experience are less clear or even negative. In this paper co-authored with Professor Markku Maula from Aalto University, Finland, and Koen Heimeriks, from Warwick Business School, we develop a contingency framework on how the applicability, accessibility, and adoption of experiential knowledge jointly moderate the commonly assumed positive effect of organizational experience on performance in a focal task. Based on our integrative contingency framework, we identify important gaps in our understanding of these boundary conditions and develop a research agenda to expand our understanding of organizational experience effects on organizational performance.